Review Article

Diabetes: Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Oral Alterations

Table 3

Studies evaluated.

Author (year)Type of studySampleParameter evaluatedTreatmentResultsStatistic

Cortelli et al. (2017) [27]RCT, double blinded206 for 3 monthsOral Health and Quality of Life (OHQoL), pocket depth, plaque and gingival indices, PCR for bacteria evaluation, Periotron®Gingival treatmentOHRQoL improved over time, confirming that quality of life could be changed by the treatment of oral diseases such as gingivitisP<0.05

Davis et al. (2018) [28]Observational cohort study930 (0, 2, 4, 6 years)Short Form-12 version (SF-12v2), Audit of Diabetes Dependent QoL 19 (ADDQoL)Blood glucose lowering therapyThese real-life data show that treatment intensification, including insulin initiation, does not impact adversely on patient well-being in community-based type 2 diabetesP>0.16

Cinar et al. (2013) [29]Prospective186Community Periodontal Need Index (CPI) HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin percentage)Health coaching (HC), Health Education (HE)The present findings imply that HC has a significantly higher impact on better management of diabetes and oral health when compared to formal HEP<0.05

Tzanetakos et al. (2018) [30]RCTquality-adjusted life-years
(QALYs)
Insulin Glargine vs. Liraglutide 1.2mg vs exanatide once weeklyExQW was estimated to be cost effective relative to IG or Lira1.2mg
for the treatment of T2DM in adults not adequately controlled on OAD
/

Islam et al. (2014) [31]RCT216 for 6 monthsHbA1c, quality of lifeShort message service (SMS)Mobile phone SMS services have the potential to communicate with
diabetes patients and to build awareness about the disease, improve
self-management and avoid complications also in resource-limited setting
/ 

Vora et al. (2015) [32]RCT170+165 for 24 weeksDiabetes Treatment Satisfaction QuestionnaireGlargine/glulisine once daily or insulin aspart/aspart protamineIn long-standing type 2 diabetes with suboptimal glycaemia despite
oral therapies and basal insulin, the basal plus regimen was noninferior to
biphasic insulin for biomedical outcomes, with a similar overall hypoglycaemia
rate but more nocturnal events

Castro Dos Santos et al. (2016) [33]RCT20 at 30, 90, 180 daysQuality of life, public health costsAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and ultrasonic periodontal debridement (UPD)The adjunct application
of aPDT to UPD did not present additional benefits for the treatment of chronic
periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients
P>0.05

Goodson et al. (2017) [34]RCT8173Salivary glucose concentration, obesity, dental caries, gingivitisHigh salivary glucose was associated with dental caries and gingivitis in the study
population
/

de Araújo Nobre et al. (2017) [35]Open cohort study22009 for 3 yearsPeriodontitis, dental caries, and peri-implant pathologyExposure to systemic conditions was preventedThe present study describes an epidemiological approach to the distribution and determinants of the three principal chronical oral diseases12.2% less periodontitis and 4.3% less dented caries

Irani et al. (2015) [36]RCT61 + 74, 3 to 6 monthsOHRQoL, periodontal status, OHIP-49Nonsurgical periodontal therapyT2DM does not impact on overall OHRQoL as measured by OHIP-49there were significantly higher OHIP-49 scores (indicating poorer OHRQoL) in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis

Peer et al. (2014) [37]RCT/Osteonecrosis of the jawMedicationGenetic predisposition for MRONJ, coupled with CYP 450 gene alterations, has been suggested to affect the degradation of medications for DM/

Fontanari et al. (2014) [38]review/Different implant surfaces on diabetic patients/It can be concluded that although the benefits of surface modifications present in individuals with diabetes have biological plausibility, there is little evidence of the benefits of these modificationsNo significance 

Cairo et al. (2001) [39]Review/Periodontal disease/Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for periodontitis/

Al-Zahrani et al. (2011) [40]Review/Halitosis status, HbA1c/The results of this study suggest an association between halitosis and increased levels of HbA1cP=0.03

Domanico et al. (2015) [41]RCT68Reactive oxygen species (ROS)Antioxidant supplementationReduction of ROS levels in
patients with NPDR thanks to antioxidant therapy
P<0.001

Semba et al. (2014) [42]RCT24 for 6 weeksPeripheral arterial
tonometry, serum and urine carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), inflammatory mediators
(interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, vascular adhesion molecule-1, and tumor
necrosis factor-α receptors I and II), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and endogenous
secretory receptor for AGEs
High or low AGEs dietA high- or low-AGE diet had no significant
impact on peripheral arterial tonometry or any inflammatory mediators after 6 wk
of dietary intervention

Orban et al. (2014) [43]24 monthsPeripheral blood immune cell subsets (CD4, CD8-naive, memory and activated
subsets, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, monocytes, B lymphocytes,
CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells, and invariant NK T cells)
Costimulation modulatorThe findings show that the
quantification of CM CD4 T cells can provide a surrogate immune marker for
C-peptide decline after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
/