(a) Group-specific patient data regarding emergency treatment time and vital signs |
| | | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | All patients | p-values |
| | Arrival of emergency doctor after accident (in min.; mean, SD) | 11.9 ± 5.6 | 16.6 ± 8.2 | 28.3 ± 24.7 | 19.1 ± 17.0 | ≤ 0.001 | | Time spent by emergency doctor at accident site (in min.; mean, SD) | 19.3 ± 7.6 | 29.5 ± 10.4 | 45.7 ± 21.3 | 31.9 ± 18.4 | ≤ 0.001 | | Time from accident site to A&E (in min.; mean, SD) | 11.0 ± 5.5 | 17.4 ± 8.0 | 27.7 ± 17.3 | 19.1 ± 13.5 | ≤ 0.001 | | Total prehospital time (in min.; mean, SD) | 40.1 ± 8.3 | 62.9 ± 6.9 | 101.1 ± 26.0 | 68.0 ± 29.9 | ≤ 0.001 | | BP at accident site (mmHg; mean, SD) | 119.3 ± 37.9 | 120.6 ± 36.8 | 121.0± 34.8 | 120.3 ± 36.5 | 0.53 | | BP at admission to hospital (mm Hg; mean, SD) | 121.2 ± 33.9 | 122.5 ± 33.3 | 123.9 ± 30.3 | 122.5 ± 32.5 | 0.24 | | BP at accident site <90 mm HG (%) | 18.4 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 1 | | BP <90 mm HG in the emergency department (%) | 14.7 | 14.1 | 12.6 | 13.8 | 0.01 | | Heart rate at accident site (sec.; mean, SD) | 91.4 ± 26 | 92.4 ± 25.1 | 93.0 ± 24.2 | 92.3 ± 25.1 | 0.24 | | Heart rate upon admission to hospital (sec.; mean, SD) | 88.5 ± 23.5 | 89.8 ± 21.9 | 89.5 ± 20.8 | 89.3 ± 22.1 | 0.71 |
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Values are shown as the mean (MV), standard deviation (SD) or % of the group. BP, blood pressure.
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(b) Group-specific patient data regarding laboratory values in-hospital |
| | | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | All patients | p-values |
| | Hb upon admission to hospital (mg/dl; mean, SD) | 12.0 ± 2.8 | 11.9 ± 2.8 | 11.9 ± 2.7 | 11.9 ± 2.8 | 0.04 | | Prothrombin ratio (%) in hospital | 80.7 ± 23.0 | 80.0 ± 23.1 | 79.6 ± 23.1 | 80.1 ± 23.1 | 0.03 | | Platelet count/nl upon admission to hospital (mean, SD) | 209140 ± 80468 | 204319 ± 75993 | 202959 ± 80165 | 205399 ± 78896 | ≤ 0.001 | | Prothrombin time in hospital (sec., mean, SD) | 35.2 ± 21.2 | 34.9 ± 22.4 | 34.1 ± 18.9 | 34.7 ± 20.9 | 0.09 | | Base excess in hospital (mean, SD) | -3.2 ± 4.9 | -2.8 ± 4.9 | -2.7 ± 4.6 | -2.9 ± 4.8 | 0.03 | | TASH (mean, SD) | 8.4 ± 15.5 | 8.4 ± 15.1 | 7.9 ± 14.3 | 8.2 ± 14.9 | 0.87 |
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Values are shown as the mean, standard deviation (SD) or % of the group. Hb, hemoglobin; TASH, Trauma Associated Severe Hemorrhage.
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(c) Group-specific patient data regarding prehospital and in-hospital therapies |
| | | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | All patients | p-values |
| | Fluid replaced prehospital (in ml; mean, SD) | 1135 ± 950.2 | 1280 ± 934.7 | 1461 ± 1095.8 | 1291.8 ± 1004.9 | ≤ 0.001 | | Fluid replaced in the emergency department (in ml; mean, SD) | 2234.9 ± 3080.2 | 2203 ± 2287.1 | 2360.5 ± 2599.5 | 2266.4 ± 2667.9 | ≤ 0.001 | | Fluid replaced prehospital (%) | 93.8 | 95.4 | 95.7 | 95.0 | ≤ 0.001 | | Prehospital use of catecholamines (%) | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 0.97 | Transfusions of pRBC (%)
in hospital | 24.1 | 25.6 | 25.1 | 24.9 | 0.21 | | Units of pRBC in hospital (mean, SD) | 1.9 ± 5.5 | 1.9 ± 5.4 | 1.8 ± 5.2 | 1.9 ± 5.3 | 0.27 | | Units of fresh-frozen plasma in hospital (mean, SD) | 1.0 ± 4.2 | 1.1 ± 3.9 | 1.0 ± 3.8 | 1.0 ± 4.0 | 0.21 | | Prehospital intubation (%) | 52.7 | 52.7 | 52.7 | 52.7 | 1.00 | | Intubation in hospital (%) | 56.4 | 55.6 | 57.0 | 56.3 | 0.12 | | Prehospital chest tube (%) | 5.2 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 0.01 | | Chest tube in hospital (%) | 25.4 | 23.0 | 22.1 | 23.5 | 0.003 | | Prehospital CPR (%) | 5.2 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 4.1 | ≤ 0.001 | | CPR in hospital (%) | 5.9 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 4.6 | ≤ 0.001 | | Prehospital sedation (%) | 76.9 | 82.0 | 84.2 | 81.1 | ≤ 0.001 | | MSCT in hospital (%) | 68.0 | 68.2 | 70.0 | 0.12 | 0.100 |
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Values are shown as the mean, standard deviation (SD) or % of the group. pRBC, packed red blood cells; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; MSCT, multislice computed tomography.
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