Research Article
Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes of Hyperkalemia in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients
Table 4
Comparison between patients with hyperkalemia who died or survived.
| | Variables | Survival | Non-survival | P-value | | N=22 | N=57 |
| | Age (years) | | | 0.563 | | Male-n% | 17(77.3) | 48(84.2) | 0.469 | | Etiology of cirrhosis-n () | | | | | Hepatitis B | 7(31.8) | 23(40.4) | 0.484 | | Alcoholic | 12(54.5) | 26(45.6) | 0.476 | | Hepatitis B plus alcoholic | 1(4.5) | 4(7.0) | 1.000 | | others | 2(9.1) | 3(5.3) | 0.614 | | Medications-n | | | | | Diuretic (frusemide/spironolactone) | 20(90.9) | 48(84.2) | 0.683 | | Potassium chloride | 11(50.0) | 22(38.6) | 0.357 | | Potassium citrate granules | 9(40.9) | 25(43.9) | 0.812 | | Beta-blockers | 1(4.5) | 4(7.0) | 1.000 | | Complications of cirrhosis-n | | | | | Ascites | 17(77.3) | 50(87.7) | 0.246 | | Bacterial infection | 20(90.9) | 54(94.7) | 0.614 | | Hepatic encephalopathy | 5(22.7) | 28(49.1) | 0.033 | | Acute kidney injury | 12(54.5) | 49(86.0) | 0.003 | | Gastrointestinal bleeding | 5(22.7) | 23(40.4) | 0.142 | | Clinical and laboratory data at admission | | | | | MAP(mmHg) | | | 0.327 | | Heart rate(beats/minute) | | | 0.292 | | WBC(×109/L) | | | 0.248 | | PLT(×109/L) | 104.0(72.5-152) | 77.0(47.0-120.5) | 0.056 | | ALB(g/L) | | | 0.151 | | TBIL(μmol/L ) | 228.8(104.4-343.6) | 184.3(106.6-286.9) | 0.314 | | INR | 1.8(1.6-2.1) | 2.5(1.8-3.3) | 0.003 | | BUN(mmol/L) | 6.6(4.3-10.8) | 10.5(5.6-15.3) | 0.057 | | Serum Cr(μmol/L) | 70.6(54.0-104.0) | 95.0(60.0-129.0) | 0.077 | | Serum Na+ (mmol/L) | 132.2(124.6-137.1) | 131.0(125.2-135.6) | 0.600 | | Serum K+ (mmol/L) | 3.8(3.4-5.5) | 4.9(4.0-5.6) | 0.038 | | CTP score | 11.5(10.0-13.0) | 12.0(11.0-13.0) | 0.079 | | MELD score | | | 0.016 | | CLIF-SOFA score | 7.0(7.0-10.0) | 8.0(7.0-11.5) | 0.596 |
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MAP, mean arterial pressure; WBC, white blood cells; PLT, platelet; ALB, albumin; TBIL, total bilirubin; INR, international normalized ratio; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; CTP, Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; CLIF-SOFA, chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment.
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