The Efficacy and Safety of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization to Treat Renal Hemorrhage after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Figure 4

Secondary embolization in a patient with PA after PCNL. (a) Abdominal aorta angiography cannot show the number of left renal artery clearly because of the interference of intestinal gas. (b, c) Selective left renal arteriography shows a PA (red arrow). (d) Angiogram after coil embolization showing complete occlusion of the PA. (e-h) Angiogram 3-day after first time TAE shows a new PA (red arrow) arising from accessory left renal artery, which arises at approximately the inferior level of third Lumbar vertebra. (i) After coil embolization, angiogram shows complete occlusion of the PA. (j, k) The CT image shows the location of left renal artery and accessory left renal artery.