Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Tissues and Their Membrane Encasement for Prospective Transplantation Therapies

Figure 5

Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to chondrogenic differentiation for 24 days in culture. (a) Adipose tissue-derived; (b) amniotic tissue-derived; (c) bone marrow-derived; (d) chorionic tissue-derived; (e) liver-derived; (f) umbilical cord-derived. For each assembly (a-f), upper panels: positive chondrogenic-induced spheres; lower panels: negative noninduced controls; left: chondrocyte-specific aggrecan stain; right: DAPI stain for cell nuclei. Fluorescence microscopy. Size bar: 150 μm.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)