MSC-Derived Exosomes-Based Therapy for Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy

Figure 1

Biogenesis and uptake of exosomes. Endosomes are formed by an invagination in the plasma membrane of cells. As endosomes mature, the endosomal membrane constantly buds inward to form multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Exosomes are released through the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Once an exosome is released, receptor cells uptake the exosome through endocytosis, membrane fusion, or receptor-mediated internalization.