Antibacterial Effect of Curcumin against Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Connective Tissue Reactions to Curcumin Gel in the Subcutaneous Tissue of Rats

Figure 5

Light micrograph tissue sections of cutaneous wound-healing processes at 30 (a–f) and 60 (g–l) days. (a, b) In the control group, early reepithelialization was detected by forming the immature disorganized epidermis and completely closing the gap (red dashed lines), which resulted in the increase in the thickness of the dermal layer by fibers (black arrowheads) with active fibroblasts (yellow arrowhead) (H&E stain, ×40 and ×200). (c, d) Tetracycline group displayed the late stage of proliferative phase with the typical hyperplastic epidermis (red dashed lines), with increasing thickness of the dermal layer by intense, well-arranged mature bundles of collagen fibers (black arrowheads) with active fibroblasts (yellow arrowheads) (H&E stain, ×40 and ×200). (e, f) Curcumin group presented the late stage of proliferative phase containing the hyperplastic epidermis (red dashed lines) with well-organized collagen fibers in the dermal layer, with increase in thickness of the dermal layer by extreme, mature bundles of collagen fibers (black arrowheads) with active fibroblasts (yellow arrowheads) (H&E stain, ×40 and ×200). (g, h) Control group had uneven minimum keratinized epidermis. The dermis showed moderate-marked density scar tissue (yellow dashes lines) in the center of the wound, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and well-organized thick bundles of collagen fibers (black arrowheads) with fibroblasts (yellow arrowheads) (H&E stain, ×100 and ×200). (i, j) Tetracycline group showed the well-organized mild keratinization epidermis that displayed rete ridges. The dermis consisted of mild-moderate scar (yellow dashed line), minimum inflammatory cell infiltration, dermal papillae, and well-organized thick bundles of collagen fibers (black arrowheads) with fibroblasts (yellow arrowheads) (H&E stain, ×40 and ×200). (k, l) In the curcumin group, there was well-organized keratinized epidermis with rete ridges, mild-moderate scar severity (yellow dashed line), well-organized thick bundles of collagen fibers (black arrowheads), and fibroblasts (yellow arrowheads) (H&E stain, ×40 and ×200).

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