Musculoskeletal Factors and Geriatric Syndromes Related to the Absence of Musculoskeletal Degenerative Disease in Elderly People Aged over 70 Years
Table 2
Comparison of parameters in patients without (group N) and with (group D) MSD.
Variables
Group N ()
Group D ()
value
Age (years)
75.4 (4.0)
75.1 (4.6)
NS
Gender (male, %)
59.3% ()
45.3% ()
NS
Body mass index (kg/m2)
22.5 (2.6)
23.7 (3.1)
<0.005
Grip strength (kg)
27.3 (10.2)
25.8 (8.0)
NS
Back muscle strength (kg)
73.8 (28.6)
62.6 (27.3)
<0.01
Physical ability
10 m gait time (s)
5.8 (1.3)
5.5 (0.97)
NS
3 m TUG
6.6 (1.5)
6.9 (1.2)
NS
Maximum stride (%)
73.5 (6.3)
70.5 (7.4)
<0.01
Two-step test score
1.42 (0.15)
1.35 (0.14)
<0.005
Pain
VAS (low back pain) (mm)
7.8 (14.9)
13.0 (16.1)
<0.05
VAS (sciatica) (mm)
5.0 (8.2)
12.0 (20.7)
<0.05
VAS (knee joint pain) (mm)
7.0 (14.3)
15.6 (24.0)
<0.05
NeP (+) (n)
5.6% ( )
17.8% ( )
<0.05
Platform measurements of balance
LNG/TIME (cm/s)
Eyes open
1.8 (0.54)
2.0 (0.81)
NS
Eyes closed
2.2 (0.69)
2.6 (1.3)
<0.05
E AREA (cm2)
Eyes open
2.6 (1.2)
2.9 (1.5)
NS
Eyes closed
3.1 (1.3)
4.1 (2.9)
<0.01
Spinal parameters
Thoracic kyphosis angle (°)
41.4 (8.1)
39.5 (10.6)
NS
Lumbar lordosis angle (°)
17.1 (6.1)
11.5 (11.2)
<0.005
Sacral inclination angle (°)
6.0 (7.5)
3.5 (8.4)
<0.05
Spinal inclination angle (°)
0.43 (3.7)
2.1 (5.0)
<0.05
ROM (Thoracic spine)
13.2 (11.3)
11.2 (15.5)
NS
ROM (Lumbar spine)
49.4 (12.8)
40.4 (13.2)
<0.0001
Geriatric disease
LS (%) ()
7.4% ()
24.9% ( )
<0.005
Frailty (%) ()
20.4% ()
13.8% ()
NS
Sarcopenia (%) ()
16.7% ( )
27.6% ( )
<0.05
Values are shown as a mean or percentage (SD in parentheses).TUG: timed up and go test, VAS: visual analogue scale, NeP: neuropathic pain, LNG/TIME: distance of movement of the center of pressure (COP) per second, E AREA: envelopment area traced by movement of the COP, ROM: range of motion, LS: locomotive syndrome, NS: not significant. Positive value indicates lordosis of the lumbar spine in this study.Bold indicates significance.
