Insomnia among Medical and Paramedical Students in Jordan: Impact on Academic Performance
Table 4
Specialization and sleep-related variables.
Nursing (%)
Pharmacy (%)
Dentistry (%)
Applied Medical Sciences (%)
Medicine and Surgery (%)
Chi-square (%)
p value
Presence of insomnia
Insomnia
73.0
81.8
79.2
79.1
70.2
11.1
<0.05
No insomnia
27.0
18.2
20.8
20.9
29.8
Total
100
100
100
100
100
Sleeping hours at night
<5
14.5
19.5
23.9
12.8
12.8
38.6
<0.001
5–5.9
21.1
27.9
25.8
26.5
28.2
6–6.9
28.2
34.4
31.4
26.1
36.5
>7
36.2
18.2
18.9
34.6
22.5
Total
100
100
100
100
100
Sleep quality
Good
62.5
59.1
55.8
61.9
56.1
3.2
0.53
Bad
37.5
40.9
44.2
38.1
43.9
Total
100
100
100
100
100
Using sleeping pills
No
80.3
70.1
83.0
75.4
78.6
9.01
0.06
Yes
19.7
29.9
17.0
24.6
21.4
Total
100
100
100
100
100
Table illustrates the results of chi-square between the specializations (in columns) and other categorical variables (in rows). A statistically significant association was evident with the presence of insomnia and sleeping hours. The highest percentages are bolded, p value ≤ 0.05 is considered significant.
