Long Noncoding RNAs in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling: A Review of the Update Literature

Table 2

LncRNAs involved in myocardial remodeling.

Type	Cellular; behavior	LncRNAs	Regulation	Target; genes	Related; functions	References
Post-ischemia/hypoxia myocardial remodelling	Autophagy	Neat1		Foxo1	activate autophagy, aggravate CM injury	Ma et al. [49]
		AK139328		miR-204-3p	activate autophagy, aggravate CM injury	Yu et al. [50]
		APF		miR-188-3p	induce autophagic cell death	Wang et al. [51]
		CAIF		p53	inhibit autophagy	Liu et al. [52]
		AK088388		miR-30a	induce autophagic injury	Wang et al. [53]
Post-ischemia/hypoxia myocardial remodelling	Apoptosis	CARL		miR-539	suppress mitochondrial fission and apoptosis	Wang et al. [54]
		MALAT1		miR-203	exacerbate inflammation and apoptosis	Wang et al. [55]
		HOTAIR		miR-125,; miR-1	inhibit apoptosis	Li et al. [56]; Gao et al. [57]
		UCA1		unspecified	suppress ER-stress and apoptosis	Chen et al. [58]
		XIST		miR-130a-3p	facilitate apoptosis, inhibit proliferation	Zhou et al. [59]
Post-ischemia/hypoxia myocardial remodelling	Necrosis	NRF		miR-873	facilitate necrosis	Wang et al. [60]
		H19		miR-103/107	promote necrosis	Wang et al. [61]
Myocardial hypertrophy	Hypertrophy	Mhrt		Brg1	inhibit cardiac hypertrophy	Hang et al. [62]; Han et al. [63]
		Chast		Plekhm1	hinder autophagy and facilitate hypertrophy	Viereck et al. [64]
		CHRF		miR-489	anti-hypertrophic	Wang et al. [65]
		ROR		miR-133	promote hypertrophy	Jiang et al. [66]
		H19		miR-675	protect CMs from hypertrophy	Liu et al. [67]
		Plscr4		miR-214	attenuate cardiac; hypertrophy	Lv et al. [68]
		MIAT		miR-150	promote hypertrophy	Zhu et al. [69]
Myocardial hypertrophy	Electrical remodeling	TCONS_00075467		miRNA-328	affect the effective refractory period, increase the action potential duration in AF	Li et al. [70]
		MALAT1		miR-200c	regulate transient outward potassium current	Zhu et al. [71]

Neat1: nuclear-enriched abundant transcript1; APF: autophagy promoting factor; CAIF: cardiac autophagy inhibitory factor; CARL: cardiac apoptosis-related lncRNA; MALAT1:metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; HOTAIR:HOX antisense intergenic RNA;UCA1:urothelial carcinoma-associated; XIST:X-inactive specific transcript; Mhrt: myosin heavy chain associated RNA transcripts; Chast: cardiac hypertrophy-associated transcript; Plekhm1:pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein family M member 1; CHRF: cardiac hypertrophy-related factor; MIAT: myocardial infarction–associated transcript; Foxo1:forkhead box protein O1;ER:endoplasmic reticulum; CM: cardiomyocyte; AF: atrial fibrillation.