The Accuracy of 3D Printing Assistance in the Spinal Deformity Surgery

Figure 3

(a) Medial breach (arrowhead) is defined as violation of medial pedicle wall. (Case 10, T5). (b) Lateral breach (arrowhead) is defined as violation of lateral pedicle wall. (Case 10, T12). (c) Inferior breach (arrowhead) is defined as violation of inferior pedicle wall. (Case 2, T7). (d) Anterior breach (arrowhead) is defined as penetration of vertebral body without pedicle wall violation (not in this case series).

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(b)

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