Ginkgolide B Mediated Alleviation of Inflammatory Cascades and Altered Lipid Metabolism in HUVECs via Targeting PCSK-9 Expression and Functionality
Figure 2
(a) Ginkgolide B decreases Ox-LDL-induced total cholesterol and free cholesterol deposition in HUVECs. The HUVECs were cultured in DMEM containing 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 2 mM glutamine, and antibiotics at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Thus, cultured cells were pretreated with 20-100 μg/ml of Ginkgolide B for 24 h and then exposed to Ox-LDL (75μg/ml) for another 24 h for quantitation of TC and FC. Significantly different from control HUVECs at <0.001. Significantly different from control HUVECs at <0.01. Nonsignificantly different from control HUVECs at >0.05. Significantly different from Ox-LDL at <0.001. (b) Ox-LDL raises the level of PCSK-9 in HUVECs. The cultured HUVECs cells were either treated with native LDL or Ox-LDL (25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/ml) for determination of PCSK-9 level by ELISA. Significantly different from native LDL at <0.001. (c) Ginkgolide B lowers the Ox-LDL-induced PCSK-9 level in HUVECs. The cultured HUVECs cells were pretreated with 20-100 μg/ml of Ginkgolide B for 24 h and then exposed to Ox-LDL (75μg/ml) for another 24 h for quantitation of PCSK-9 via ELISA. Significantly different from control HUVECs at <0.001. Significantly different from control HUVECs at <0.01. Significantly different from Ox-LDL at <0.001. Significantly different from Ox-LDL at <0.01. All the values in (a), (b), and (c) have been expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments.