Ginkgolide B Mediated Alleviation of Inflammatory Cascades and Altered Lipid Metabolism in HUVECs via Targeting PCSK-9 Expression and Functionality
Figure 4
(a) Ginkgolide B downregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. HUVECs were grown in six-well plates for 24 h and treated with different concentrations of Ginkgolide B (20-100 μg/ml) for 24 h followed by the treatment of Ox-LDL (75μg/ml) for another 24 h. The cells were harvested and the expression of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, & IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, CXCL-1, & CXCL-2) was examined by qRT-PCR analysis. (b) Ginkgolide B inhibited inflammatory protein expression in Ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Cells were grown in six-well plates for 24 h and treated with different concentrations of Ginkgolide B (20-100 μg/ml) for 24 h followed by the treatment of Ox-LDL (75μg/ml) for another 24 h. The cells were harvested and cell lysates were prepared. Protein levels of different cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, & IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, CXCL-1, & CXCL-2) were examined by ELISA kits. The levels of statistical significance for both (a) and (b) are significantly different from control HUVECs at <0.001. Significantly different from control HUVECs at <0.01. Significantly different from control HUVECs at <0.05. Nonsignificantly different from control HUVECs at >0.05. Significantly different from Ox-LDL at <0.001. All the values in both (a) and (b) have been expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments.