Dihydrochalcone Derivative Induces Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis via Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and ER Stress Pathways but Abolishes EGFR/MAPK Pathway

Figure 3

Apoptosis induced by dihydrochalcone derivatives. Cell morphology of apoptotic cells exhibited as condensed nuclei and apoptotic bodies (white arrows →) after compound 1 treatment for 24 hours and then staining with propidium iodide (PI) and examining under a fluorescence microscope (a). Apoptotic cells were treated with dihydrochalcone derivatives for 24 hours and then stained with annexin V-FITC and PI employing a flow cytometer as demonstrated by dot plots of MDA-MB-231 cells (b) and MCF-7 cells (c) and were treated with compound 2 for 48 hours in the MDA-MB-231 cells (d) and MCF-7 cells (e). Bar graphs of percent cells in early apoptosis of both types of cancer cells after compound 1 (f) and compound 2 (g) treatments are presented. , , and .