Electrical Stimulation Activates Fibroblasts through the Elevation of Intracellular Free Ca²⁺: Potential Mechanism of Pelvic Electrical Stimulation Therapy

Figure 1

The effect of ES on intracellular calcium concentration in L929 cell. (a) Lateral (A) and vertical (B) views of the cell ES device. (b) L929 cells loaded with Fluo-3AM and observed under Flow Cytometry immediately after the cells were treated with ES to evaluate intracellular Ca²⁺ levels (blue); the cells without any treatment were used as the control (green). P<0.01 compared with the control group. Every experiment was repeated for 3 times. Negative con: negative control group; Control: control group; ES: electrical stimulation group.

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