Immunological Aspects of Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Figure 3

The proportion of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. The initial phase of GO is characterized by increased activity of Th1 lymphocyte-producing cytokines that enhance fibroblast proliferation and GAG production. Th2 lymphocytes involved in the late phase participate in remodeling and fibrosis of periorbital tissues.