Analgesia during Labor and Vaginal Birth among Women with Severe Maternal Morbidity: Secondary Analysis from the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health

Table 4

Prevalence of maternal near miss criteria (organ dysfunction) and maternal death in women with SMM according to the performance of analgesia during labor and childbirth.

Maternal outcome	With Analgesia	Without Analgesia	Prevalence Ratio (95CI)
	601 (%)	9187 (%)
Maternal near miss criteria according to organ system dysfunction
Cardiovascular^1	16 (2.7)	269 (2.9)	0.93 (0.41 – 2.12)
Respiratory^2	7 (1.2)	155 (1.7)	0.70 (0.30 – 1.67)
Renal^3	1 (0.2)	53 (0.6)	0.29 (0.04 – 2.39)
Coagulation^4	21 (3.6)	152 (1.7)	2.15 (1.24 – 3.72)
Hepatic^5	2 (0.3)	57 (0.6)	0.55 (0.11 – 2.62)
Neurologic^6	2 (0.3)	75 (0.8)	0.42 (0.10 – 1.78)
Uterine^7	12 (2.0)	33 (0.4)	5.66 (2.72 – 11.78)
Maternal Death	2 (0.3)	104 (1.1)	0.29 (0.07 – 1.25)

: reference for all these comparisons was not receiving analgesia.
Missing: 1 – 58; 2 – 55; 3 – 52; 4 – 51; 5 – 50; 6 – 48; 7 – 48.