Exosomes May Be the Potential New Direction of Research in Osteoarthritis Management

Figure 1

Exosomal formation, release, and intercellular transmission. The formation of exosomes includes three stages: form endosomes, form ILVs and MVBs, and further are secreted to extracellular space. When exosomes are released, exosomes act as intercellular signaling molecules that interact with receptor cells, including binding to cell membrane surface proteins, direct fusion, and endocytosis.