High Bone Mineral Density of the Lumbar Spine Is Positively Associated with Breast Cancer
Table 1
Socioeconomic, clinical, behavioral, and anthropometric variables by menopausal status and breast cancer diagnosis. Goiânia, 2014–2017.
Variables
Total sample (n = 376)
Premenopausal (n = 175)
Postmenopausal (n = 201)
Cases
Controls
p
Cases
Controls
p
Cases
Controls
p
n = 142
n = 234
n = 69
n = 106
n = 73
n = 128
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
Height (m)
1.57 (±0.06)
1.59 (±0.07)
0.005
1.58 (±0.07)
1.61 (±0.06)
0.006
1.55 (±0.07)
1.57 (±0.07)
0.107
Total body weight (kg)
66.35 (±13.92)
69.06 (±13.86)
0.029
65.42 (±13.27)
70.46 (±14.81)
0.016
67.23 (±14.54)
67.91 (±12.97)
0.524
Age
50.72 (±11.33)
51.39 (±11.30)
0.536
41.84 (±6.43)
41.66 (±6.97)
0.751
59.11 (±8.10)
59.45 (±7.03)
0.753
Family income/ month
<3 minimum salaries
110 (80.3)
114 (49.6)
<0.001
51 (76.1)
49 (47.1)
<0.001
59 (84.3)
65 (51.6)
<0.001
≥3 minimum salaries
27 (19.7)
116 (50.4)
16 (23.9)
55 (52.9)
11 (15.7)
61 (48.4)
Education
<9 years
82 (57.7)
78 (33.5)
<0.001
29 (42.0)
23 (21.7)
0.006
53 (72.6)
55 (43.3)
<0.001
≥9 years
60 (42.3)
155 (66.5)
40 (58.0)
83 (78.3)
20 (27.4)
72 (56.7)
BMI (Kg/m2)
Not overweight
67 (47.2)
89 (38.0)
0.085
35 (50.7)
41 (38.7)
0.122
32 (43.8)
48 (37.5)
0.454
Overweight
75 (52.8)
145 (62.0)
34 (49.3)
65 (61.3)
41 (56.2)
80 (62.5)
Age of menarche
≥12 years
113 (82.5)
189 (81.8)
>0.999
52 (76.5)
82 (77.4)
>0.999
61 (88.4)
107 (85.6)
0.664
<12 years
24 (17.5)
42 (18.2)
16 (23.5)
24 (22.6)
8 (11.6)
18 (14.4)
Age of menopause
<55 years
65 (90.3)
120 (95.2)
0.233
≥55 years
7 (9.7)
6 (4.8)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
Age of 1st gestation
≤30 years
113 (90.4)
190 (92.7)
0.536
57 (89.1)
80 (92.0)
0.580
56 (91.8)
110 (93.2)
0.766
>30 years
12 (9.6)
15 (7.3)
7 (10.9)
7 (8.0)
5 (8.2)
8 (6.8)
Children
Yes
128 (99.2)
206 (99.5)
>0.999
65 (100.0)
87 (98.9)
>0.999
63 (98.4)
119 (100.00)
0.350
No
1 (0.8)
1 (0.5)
---
1 (1.1)
1 (1.6)
---
Breast-feeding
Yes
124 (94.7)
198 (93.4)
0.817
62 (93.9)
85 (93.4)
>0.999
62 (95.4)
113 (93.4)
0.750
No
7 (5.3)
14 (6.6)
4 (6.1)
6 (6.6)
3 (4.6)
8 (6.6)
Family history (1st grade)
No
121 (85.8)
209 (90.1)
0.243
64 (92.8)
98 (93.3)
>0.999
57 (79.2)
111 (87.4)
0.155
Yes
20 (14.2)
23 (9.9)
5 (7.2)
7 (6.7)
15 (20.8)
16 (12.6)
Smoking
No
216 (92.3)
124 (87.3)
0.147
69 (100.00)
106 (100.00)
---
55 (75.3)
110 (85.9)
0.084
Yes
18 (7.7)
18 (12.7)
---
---
18 (24.7)
18 (14.1)
Alcohol consumption
No
130 (91.5)
209 (89.3)
0.593
63 (91.3)
92 (86.6)
0.468
67 (91.8)
117 (91.4)
>0.999
Yes
12 (8.5)
25 (10.7)
6 (8.7)
14 (13.2)
6 (8.2)
11 (8.6)
Physical activity (MET/min/wk)
Active
65 (45.8)
142 (60.7)
0.005
31 (44.9)
59 (55.7)
0.216
34 (46.6)
82 (64.8)
0.017
Sedentary
77 (54.2)
92 (39.3)
38 (55.1)
47 (44.3)
39 (53.4)
45 (35.2)
Continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). In the presence of normality, a Student’s t-test was used, and in its absence the Mann-Whitney test was used. Categorical variables are in absolute and relative values n (%). Fisher’s exact test was applied with a significance level of 5%. Missing values are ignored or uncollected values. BMI = body mass index; MET = metabolic equivalent of the task.
