Review Article
The Immunomodulatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Autoimmune Diseases
Table 1
Evidence of ALA on adaptive immune cells.
| | T cell | B cell |
| Animal model | EAE | Decrease the number of Th17 and Th1 in CNS; Increase Treg numbers in spleen; Reduce migration. | | High fat diet mice | Recover transcriptional levels of the differentiation-related genes of jejunal T cells. | Restore transcriptional levels of BCR signaling pathway relating genes; Decrease the apoptotic percentage of splenic B lymphocytes. | Atopic dermatitis | Suppress production of IFN-γ and IL-4 by CD4+T. | Reduce total serum IgE levels. | Models of established atherosclerosis | Reduce T cell migration in response to chemokines. | | Endotoxemia mice | | Increase the number of splenic B cells. |
| Patients | AIDS | Increase the number of Th cells; Improve the lymphocyte proliferation response; Ameliorate the impaired mitochondrial function of CD4+T cells. | | Advanced cancer | Induce lymphocyte progression from G0/G1 to S phase. | | Jurkat T cells | Inhibit NF-κB activation induced by TNF Reduce migration. | |
| Normal human | | Increase cAMP which affects proliferation and activation of T cells; Down-regulate the expression of CD4 molecules; Reduce migration. | |
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ALA: α-lipoic acid. EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Th17: T helper cell 17. Th1: T helper cell 1. CNS: central nervous system. Treg: regulatory T cells. BCR: B-cell receptor. IFN-γ: interferon-γ. AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B. TNF: tumor necrosis factor. cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
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