Influence of Insertion Torque on Clinical and Biological Outcomes before and after Loading of Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures in Atrophic Edentulous Mandibles

Table 3

Results from the mixed-effects multilevel analysis of the effects time and insertion torque on the clinical and biological conditions related to implant healing. The estimates are given as standardized coefficients with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, smoking status, bleeding on probing, and plaque. Statistically significant results are presented in italic.

	ISQ	PD	TNF-α	IL-1β
	Coef. (95%CI)	Coef. (95%CI)	Coef. (95%CI)	Coef. (95%CI)
Time
Baseline	Ref.	-	-	-
1 Month	-0.7 (-1.0;-0.4)	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
3 Months	-0.6 (-0.9;-0.4)	-0.5 (-0.7;-0.3)	-0.2 (-0.6;0.2)	0.4 (0.1;0.6)
6 Months	-0.6 (-0.8;-0.3)	-1.1 (-1.4;-0.8)	0.1 (-0.1;0.4)	0.8 (0.5;1.2)
12 Months	-0.2 (-0.5;0.0)	-1.4 (-1.7;-1.1)	0.9 (0.5;1.3)	1.4 (1.1;1.7)
Torque type
G1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
G2	0.7 (0.1;1.2)	0.3 (-0.1;0.7)	-0.3 (-0.6;0.1)	-0.1 (-0.5;0.2)
G3	0.4 (-0.3;1.1)	0.4 (0.0;0.8)	-0.4 (-0.8;0.0)	-0.2 (-0.6;0.1)
G4	0.8 (0.2;1.3)	0.1 (-0.3;0.4)	-0.3 (-0.6;0.0)	0.0 (-0.3;0.3)
Bone type
1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
2	0.0 (-0.4;0.4)	0.4 (0.1;0.7)	0.1 (-0.2;0.3)	0.0 (-0.3;0.2)
Atrophy
No	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Yes	0.0 (-0.4;0.4)	0.3 (0.1;0.6)	-0.1 (-0.3;0.2)	-0.1 (-0.4;0.3)
Time of edentulism
< 25 years	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
≥ 25 years	-0.1 (-0.5;0.3)	0.3 (0.1;0.6)	-0.1 (-0.4;0.1)	0.1 (-0.2;0.3)