Research Article

Irradiated Bladder Cancer Cells Expressing both GM-CSF and IL-21 versus Either GM-CSF or IL-21 Alone as Tumor Vaccine in a Mouse Xenograft Model

Figure 2

Antitumor efficacy of GM-CSF/IL-21 vaccine. (a, b) After establishing a metastatic mouse model of bladder cancer, therapeutic vaccines were injected into the mice at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days after xenograft tumor inoculation (P < 0.05). (c, d) Tumor-specific cytotoxicity assay in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05).

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