Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Limb Spasticity after Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of studies included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study	Country	Sample size	Mean age	Percentage male (%)	Time since event	Spasticity sites	Dose of BTXA	Injection technique	Duration of follow-up	Jadad score
Simpson 1996 [27]	US	37	59.0	43.2	37.0 months	Upper	Botox 75, 150, 300 units	EMG	16.0 weeks	2
Hesse 1998 [28]	Germany	24	52.3	79.2	7.5 months	Upper	Dysport 1000 units	EMG	12.0 weeks	3
Smith 2000 [29]	UK	25	51.9	40.0	>12.0 months	Upper	Dysport 500, 1000, 1500 units	NA	12.0 weeks	4
Bakheit 2000 [30]	UK	83	62.5	62.7	>3.0 months	Upper	Dysport 500, 1000, 1500 units	Anatomical landmarks	16.0 weeks	4
Bhakta 2000 [31]	UK	40	57.0	57.5	37.2 months	Upper	Dysport 1000 units	Anatomical landmarks	12.0 weeks	5
Brashear 2002 [32]	US	126	61.5	50.0	56.4 months	Upper	Botox 200-240 units	NA	12.0 weeks	4
Childers 2004 [33]	US	91	60.0	67.0	25.8 months	Upper	Botox 90, 180, 360 units	EMG	9.0 weeks	5
Yelnik 2007 [34]	France	20	54.1	75.0	17.0 months	Upper	Dysport 500 units	ES	4.0 weeks	3
Simpson 2009 [35]	US	39	51.9	53.8	> 24 hours	Upper	Botox 500 units	ES	6.0 weeks	4
Meythaler 2009 [36]	US	21	53.3	71.4	> 6.0 months	Upper	Botox 300-400 units	EMG	12.0 weeks	4
Mccrory 2009 [37]	Australia	96	59.6	60.4	70.8 months	Upper	Dysport 750-1000 units	EMG or ES	20.0 weeks	5
Kanovsky 2009 [38]	Germany	148	55.6	64.2	55.0 months	Upper	Botox 400 units	EMG	12.0 weeks	5
Kaji 2010 [39]	Japan	109	63.2	67.9	82.9 months	Upper	Botox 120-150, 200-240 units	EMG nerve stimulator	12.0 weeks	5
Rosales 2012 [40]	Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore,; and Thailand	163	55.1	66.9	1.7 months	Upper	Botox 500 units	NA	24.0 weeks	5
Wolf 2012 [41]	US	25	49.3	60.0	3.0-24.0 months	Upper	Dysport 300 units	NA	12.0 weeks	3
Gracies 2015 [42]	Europe and the US	238	52.8	64.3	61.2 months	Upper	Dysport 500, 1000 units	ES	12.0 weeks	5
Elovic 2016 [43]	US	317	56.0	46.4	28.0 months	Upper	Xeomin 400 units	EMG and/or; ES ultrasound	4.0 weeks	5
Prazeres 2018 [44]	Brazil	40	52.3	60.0	33.1 months	Upper	Dysport NA	NA	24.0 weeks	4
Burbaud 1996 [45]	France	23	52.5	69.6	23.5 months	Lower	Dysport 1000 units	EMG	12.0 weeks	3
Pittock 2003 [46]	Ireland	234	55.5	NA	> 3.0 months	Lower	Dysport 500, 1000, 1500 units	NA	12.0 weeks	4
Kaji 2010 [47]	Japan	120	62.5	80.0	> 6.0 months	Lower	Botox 300 units	EMG	12.0 weeks	4
Dunne 2012 [48]	Australia	83	58.4	76.5	40.8 months	Lower	Botox 200, 300 units	EMG or ES	12.0 weeks	5
Fietzek 2014 [49]	Germany	52	54.3	57.7	< 3.0 months	Lower	Botox 230 units	NA	12.0 weeks	4
Tao 2015 [50]	China	23	56.5	65.2	< 1.5 months	Lower	Botox 200 units	EMG	8.0 weeks	3
Ding 2015 [51]	China	68	63.5	48.5	15.9 months	Lower	Lanzhou Institute; of Biological Products 100 units/ampule	Electrical nerve stimulator	24.0 weeks	3
Ding 2017 [52]	China	80	61.9	51.3	4.2 months	Lower	Lanzhou Institute; of Biological Products 350 units	Electrical nerve stimulator	12.0 weeks	3
Wein [53]	North America, Europe, Russia, the United Kingdom, 66 and Asia 5	468	56.5	64.7	64.3 months	Lower	Botox ≤ 400 units	EMG and/or ES ultrasound	6.0 weeks	5

EMG: electromyography; ES: electrical stimulation; NA: not available; UK: United Kingdom; US: United States.