Short-Term and Medium-Term Impact of Retirement on Sport Activity, Self-Reported Health, and Social Activity of Women and Men in Poland
Table 1
Short-run effects of retiring (between April 2011 and April 2013) depending on gender – estimates of ATEs for women and men.
Variable
Men
Women
Total number of observations
Retired
Nonretired
P-value
Total number of observations
Retired
Nonretired
P-value
Sports
Sport activity 2013
1424
.223
.252
.439
1186
.317
.284
.340
Member of sports club 2013
1428
.013
.011
.795
1190
<.001
.003
.062
Social activeness
Friends met regularly 2013
1411
4.576
4.798
.657
1181
4.76
4.577
.663
Acquaint. met regularly 2013
1405
4.321
5.646
.011
1172
5.637
5.358
.566
Friends 2013
1418
5.747
6.265
.467
1176
6.286
6.594
.530
Work for local society 2011-2013
1428
.138
.189
.130
1190
.177
.135
.133
Member of organisations 2013
1428
.116
.200
.046
1190
.165
.165
.991
Took part in public meeting 2013
1428
.196
.200
.920
1190
.100
.142
.095
Voluntary activities 2013
1428
.293
.299
.881
1190
.268
.232
.264
Attitude
Too much alcohol in 2012
1428
.261
.102
<.001
1190
<.001
.017
<.001
Lust for life 2013
1427
7.954
8.379
.013
1189
8.863
8.544
.021
Losing interest in sex 2013
1428
.673
.642
.414
1190
.834
.848
.620
Dissatisfaction with sex life 2013
1410
3.586
3.570
.914
1175
4.184
4.192
.958
Health – general aspects
BMI 2013
1410
26.444
27.842
<.001
1180
27.763
27.605
.661
Dissatisfaction with health 2013
1427
2.956
3.290
.007
1189
3.238
3.394
.110
Significant health worries 2013
1428
.284
.185
.009
1190
.166
.183
.585
Health problems often 2013
1428
.237
.164
.045
1190
.158
.179
.453
Health problems sometimes 2013
1428
.397
.550
.001
1190
.614
.544
.064
Physical problems 2013
1428
.227
.207
.599
1190
.189
.238
.098
Seriously ill 2012
1428
.278
.19
.022
1190
.129
.189
.024
Health – specific ailments
Problems with sleeping 2013
1428
.045
.125
.004
1190
.109
.135
.343
Digestion worries 2013
1428
.234
.315
.041
1190
.403
.372
.396
Headaches 2013
1428
.302
.374
.088
1190
.498
.518
.594
Stomach pains 2013
1428
.261
.264
.944
1190
.321
.390
.054
Pain in neck or arm muscles 2013
1428
.489
.574
.055
1190
.523
.566
.265
Chest or heart pains 2013
1428
.368
.324
.291
1190
.274
.335
.080
Dry mouth or throat 2013
1428
.295
.265
.444
1190
.351
.326
.491
Sweating 2013
1428
.170
.237
.048
1190
.295
.437
<.001
Shortness of breath 2013
1428
.296
.265
.410
1190
.244
.299
.115
Body pains 2013
1428
.464
.548
.058
1190
.560
.571
.775
Palpitation 2013
1428
.310
.213
.012
1190
.257
.325
.037
Shivers or convulsions 2013
1428
.086
.091
.821
1190
.075
.109
.113
Pressure on bladder 2013
1428
.319
.259
.149
1190
.273
.268
.886
Tiredness 2013
1428
.416
.448
.471
1190
.508
.506
.958
Constipation 2013
1428
.060
.107
.087
1190
.253
.238
.627
Nosebleeds 2013
1428
.017
.047
.104
1190
.045
.061
.308
Blood pressure 2013
1428
.371
.345
.550
1190
.418
.402
.665
Notes: bold rows indicate significant differences between the treatment group (i.e., people who were retired in 2013) and the comparison group (average values, constructed based on similar to treated ones, in terms of propensity score and balancing variables, people) at p<.05. The ATEs (effects of retiring) were estimated separately for women and men.
