Tubulointerstitial Infiltration of M2 Macrophages in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis Indicates the Presence of Glomerular Crescents and Bad Clinical Parameters
Table 1
Clinical and laboratory findings between patient groups based on GFR and ISKDC classification.
Factors
All patients
Renal failure
Chronic renal failure
ISKDC classification
(n=49)
ECr (n=17)
Non-ECr (n=32)
P
CRF (n=13)
Non-CRF (n=36)
P
Class I-II (n=25)
Class III–IV (n=24)
P
Mean±SD/ n (%)
Mean±SD/ n (%)
Mean±SD/ n (%)
Mean±SD/ n (%)
Mean±SD/ n (%)
Mean±SD/ n (%)
Mean±SD/ n (%)
Baseline characteristics
Age (years)
39.6±19.8
54.2±21.3
31.8±14.0
<0.001
64.2±16.5
30.6±11.8
<0.001
34.0±10.8
45.4±25.1
0.047
Sex (Male:Female)
(26:23)
(11:6)
(15:17)
0.234
(5:8)
(21:15)
0.218
(14:11)
(12:12)
0.674
BMI (kg/m2)
21.7±3.8
23.9±3.8
20.5±3.3
0.003
23.1±3.3
21.1±3.9
0.107
22.4±4.3
20.9±3.2
0.178
Clinical presentations
Arthralgia
7 (14.3)
2 (11.8)
5 (15.6)
0.999
1 (7.7)
6 (16.7)
0.658
4 (16.0)
3 (12.5)
0.999
Abdominal pain
6 (18.4)
3 (17.6)
6 (18.8)
0.999
1 (7.7)
8 (22.2)
0.412
5 (20.0)
4 (16.7)
0.999
Melena
3 (6.1)
2 (11.8)
1 (3.1)
0.273
1 (7.7)
2 (5.6)
0.999
2 (8.0)
1 (4.2)
0.999
Gross hematuria
16 (32.7)
6 (35.3)
10 (313)
0.774
4 (30.8)
12 (33.3)
0.999
10 (40.0)
6 (25.0)
0.263
Laboratory findings
GFR
90.3±39.5
57.7±34.8
108.2±29.5
<0.001
38.8±14.4
109.4±26.4
80.9±45.0
99.6±31.4
0.104
Creatinine (mg/dl)
1.0±0.7
1.6±1.0
0.7±0.2
1.7±1.1
0.8±0.2
0.008
1.2±1.0
0.8±0.3
0.095
Albumin (mg/dl)
4.1±1.0
3.6±1.0
4.4±0.9
0.003
3.5±0.9
4.3±0.9
0.006
4.1±1.3
4.2±0.5
0.677
Hypoalbuminemia (Albumin < 3.0 mg/dl)
7 (14.3)
6 (35.3)
1 (3.1)
0.005
4 (30.8)
3 (8.3)
0.070
1 (4.0)
6 (25.0)
0.049
24hr proteinuria (g/day)
2114.7±2161.6
2,706.1±2,849.3
1,892.1±1,803.0
0.358
2,273.6±2,971.1
2,086.7±1,776.9
0.864
2,751.6±2,525.2
1,494.5±1,521.8
0.115
Nephrotic syndrome range of proteinuria
11 (37.9)
4(44.4)
7 (35.0)
0.694
3 (33.3)
8 (40.0)
0.999
4 (28.6)
7 (46.7)
0.316
GFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. Nephrotic syndrome range of proteinuria is above 2.5 g/day in total urine. Definition of elevation of creatinine (ECr) is the status of high creatinine ≥ 1.0 mg/dl. Definition of chronic renal failure (CRF) is the status of low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months. BMI, body mass index; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ISKDC, International Study of Kidney Disease in Children.
