Research Article
The Analysis of Risk Factors for Hemorrhage Associated with Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Table 2
Comparison of clinical and perioperative factors between less and greater bleeding groups.
| | Variable | Group 1 | Group 2 | t/χ2 | P value |
| | Decrease in hemoglobin | 1.78 ±0.39 | 2.60 ±0.37 | -21.5 | 0.000 | | (g/dl) | | | | | | Age, years | 42.3 ±13.4 | 42.7 ±12.8 | -0.372 | 0.710 | | Gender | | | 3.651 | 0.56 | | Male | 105(53) | 86(43.4) | | | | Female | 93(47) | 112(56.6) | | | | BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ±2.6 | 24.6 ±2.5 | 0.344 | 0.731 | | Sides | | | 1.987 | 0.159 | | Right | 100(50.5) | 86(43.4) | | | | Left | 98(49.5) | 112(566) | | | | Stone size (mm2) | 504.7 ±185.6 | 734 ±285.6 | 9.476 | 0.000 | | Stone type | | | 38.9 | 0.000 | | Staghorn | 22(11.1) | 61(30.8) | | | | Renal pelvis | 71(35.9) | 74(37.4) | | | | Calyceal | 59(29.8) | 51(25.8) | | | | Upper ureter | 46(23.2) | 12(6.1) | | | | Puncture guidance | | | 0.649 | 0.421 | | ultrasound-guidance | 97(49) | 89(44.9) | | | | fluoroscopic-guidance | 101(51) | 109(55.1) | | | | Duration of operation (min) | | | | | | mean ±SD | 61.2 ±20.9 | 66.7 ±17.5 | -2.812 | 0.005 | | Degree of hydronephrosis | | | 65.45 | 0.000 | | Nil | 20(10.1) | 59(29.8) | | | | Mild | 79(39.9) | 110(55.6) | | | | Moderate | 82(41.4) | 19(9.6) | | | | Severe | 17(8.6) | 10(5.1) | | | | Previous surgery | | | | | | Previous open surgery | 13 (6.6) | 10 (5.1) | 0.415 | 0.519 | | Previous PCNL | 18(9.6) | 13 (6.6) | 1.182 | 0.277 | | History ESWL | 26(13.1) | 30 (15.2) | 0.333 | 0.564 | | Underlying disease | | | | | | Diabetes mellitus | 33(16.7) | 23(11.6) | 2.08 | 0.149 | | Hypertension | 28(14.1) | 35(17.7) | 0.925 | 0.336 | | Number of accesses | | | 3.472 | 0.062 | | Single | 147(74.2) | 130(65.7) | | | | Multiple | 51(25.8) | 68(34.3) | | |
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BMI = body mass index; PCNL = percutaneous nephrolithotomy; ESWL = extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
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