The Role of Antegrade Irrigation via Percutaneous Nephrostomy on Surgical Outcomes in Semirigid Ureteroscopy among Patients with Upper Ureteral Stones
Table 1
Baseline characteristics.
Retrograde (n=89)
Antegrade (n=45)
p-value
Age (years)
53.33 ± 14.60
60.73 ± 15.00
0.007
Body mass index (kg/m2)
25.89 ± 3.45
24.84 ± 3.63
0.104
Stone size (maximal)
9.34 ± 3.51
10.23 ± 4.34
0.204
Hounsfield unit
703.93 ± 302.60
623.85 ± 234.15
0.124
Sex (female/male)
33/56
22/23
0.199
Laterality (Rt/Lt)
39/50
18/27
0.714
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)
26/63
15/30
0.693
Hypertension (yes/no)
39/50
24/21
0.360
Previous ESWL (yes/no)
26/63
12/33
0.841
Main stone component
Calcium oxalate
49/67
20/25
0.785
Uric acid
8/67
4/25
0.330
Struvite
3/67
1/25
Others
7/67
0/25
Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number of relevant cases. ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. a: Student’s t-test; b: chi-square test; d: Fisher’s exact test. c: stone analyses were done in 92 cases (68.7%) of 134 patients (67 in retrograde group and 25 in antegrade group).
