The Potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn in Inducing Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 via SGLT-1 and GLPR in DM Rats

Table 2

Interaction of active compounds of H. sabdariffa with GLP-1R pancreatic cells.

Protein	Compound	ΔG	pKi	Hdon	Hacc
GLP-1R: GLP-1 receptor in pancreatic β-cells	Leucoside (kaempferol-3-O-sambubioside)	–14.3186	11.855	Tyr148; Csd233; Glu387	Tyr148; Arg150; Lys197
	Myricetin	–13.6855	14.116	Tyr148; Tyr152; Csd233; Tyr241; Glu364	Tyr148; Tyr152; Tyr241; Arg310; Arg310; Arg310
	Tiliroside	–13.5443	13.082	Tyr148; Lys147; Csd233; Glu387	Tyr148
	Cyanidin-3-sambubioside	–12.1706	5.117	Tyr148; Tyr152	Tyr148; Tyr152; Lys197; Lys197; Lys197
	Caffeic acid	–9.7629	9.597	Tyr152; Tyr152; Thr391	Tyr152; Tyr152; Lys197; Thr391
	Epigallocatechin	–11.2461	10.869	Tyr152; Tyr152; Asp198; Thr391	Tyr152; Tyr152; Lys197; Thr391
	Delphinidin	–14.3861	11.267	Tyr148; Csd233; Csd233; Csd233; Leu384; Glu387; Thr391	Tyr148; Lys197; Thr391
	Α-coumarylquinic acid	–12.5621	6.213	Tyr152; Tyr152; Thr391	Tyr152; Lys197
	4-metilgallocatechin	–11.7321	5.341	Tyr152; Lys197; Csd233; Leu384;	Arg310; Arg310
	5-P-coumarylquine	–10.4872	5.139	Tyr148; Csd233; Csd233	Tyr152; Lys197;
	Kaempherol-3-glucoside	–12.4321	6.119	Tyr148; Csd233; Leu384; Glu387; Thr391	Tyr148; Arg150; Lys197
	Protocatechuic acid glucoside	–9.1506	3.217	Tyr148; Tyr152	Tyr148; Lys197; Lys197; Lys197
	Chlorogenic acid (flavonoid)	–12.4111	10.534		Tyr153; Arg190; Arg190; Lys197; Gln234
	5-caffeoylquinic acid (flavonoid)	–13.9335	9.028	Glu412	Arg348; Arg348; Arg1095; Arg1095; Trp1126
	Quercetin	–11.9839	8.822	Gln234; Glu387; Thr391	Lys197; Arg310; Thr391; Thr391

ΔG, mean binding energy; pKi, binding affinity; Hdon, hydrogen donor; Hacc, hydrogen acceptor. Red font: active site receptor.