Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Table 5

Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with bacterial pneumonia in pneumonia suspected HIV patients in ART clinics of Mekelle zone, Northern Ethiopia, August-December 2016.

Variables	Bacterial pneumonia		COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
	Positive	Negative
	N (%)	N (%)
Gender
Male	59 (46.6)	68 (53.5)	1.3 (0.76-2.07)	0.366
Female	51 (40.8)	74 (59.2)	1
Age (in years)
18-29	15 (50)	15 (50)	2.5 (0.97-6.44) ∗	0.058	3.8 (1.25-11.52) ∗	0.018
30-39	47 (48)	51 (52)	2.3 (1.10-4.81) ∗	0.026	3.4 (1.37-8.25) ∗	0.008
40-49	34 (45.3)	41 (54.7)	2.1 (0.96-4.47)	0.063	2.0 (0.81-5.06)	0.132
50-67	14 (28.6)	35 (71.4)	1		1
Occupation
Employed	32 (41)	46 (59)	1
Farmer	9 (47.4)	10 (52.6)	1.1 (0.35-3.72)	0.825
Unemployed	46 (40)	64 (60)	0.9 (0.30-2.66)	0.849
Self-employed	23 (51.1)	22 (48.9)	0.6 (0.31-1.35)	0.248
Recent CD4+ cells/μl
<350	56 (57.7)	41 (42.3)	3.3 (1.7-6.34) ∗	0.001	2.4 (1.11-5.09)∗	0.026
350-500	34 (39.1)	53 (60.9)	1.5 (0.78-3.03)	0.211	1.2 (0.54-2.58)	0.686
>500	20 (29.4)	48 (70.6)	1		1
Cigarette smoking
Yes	13 (65)	7 (35)	2.6 (0.99-6.72)	0.051	1.6 (0.44-5.50)	0.488
No	97 (41.8)	135 (58.2)	1		1
Use cART
Yes	100 (41.8)	139 (58.2)	1		1
No	10 (76.9)	3 (23.1)	4.6 (1.24-17.27)	0.022	0.00	1.000
Ever interrupt cART
Yes	16 (69.6)	7 (30.4)	3.6 (1.43-9.17) ∗	0.007	2.5 (0.87-7.23)	0.090
No	84 (38.7)	133 (61.3)	1		1
Alcohol consumption
Yes	22 (81.5)	5 (18.5)	6.9 (2.5-18.76) ∗	0.001	7.4 (2.46-22.11)∗	0.001
No	88 (39.1)	137 (60.9)	1		1
WHO Stage
I	80 (38.6)	127 (61.4)	1		1
II	22 (75.9)	7 (24.1)	5.0 (2.04-12.22)∗	0.001	5.4 (2.00-14.36)∗	0.001
III	8 (50)	8 (50)	1.6 (0.57-4.40)	0.374	0.5 (0.13-1.97)	0.329

COR=crude odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; AOR=adjusted odds ratio; 1: referent; ∗statically significant.