Normal Anatomy and Anomalies of the Rectus Extraocular Muscles in Human: A Review of the Recent Data and Findings

Figure 1

Arrangement of the extraocular rectus muscles (ERMs) around the equator of the eyeball. 1: the distance of the medial rectus muscle (mr) from the limbus; 2: the distance of the inferior rectus muscle (ir) from the limbus, 3: the distance of the lateral rectus muscle (lr) from the limbus; 4: the distance of the superior rectus muscle (sr) from the limbus. The results of measurements made by various authors on individual ERMs insertions slightly vary. However, it may be observed that the distance from the lateral rectus muscle insertion to the limbus is greater than the distance from the medial rectus muscle to the limbus, as well as the distance from the lateral rectus muscle insertion to the limbus is greater than the distance from the medial rectus muscle to the limbus. According to the classical data provided by Fuchs [14] the distances of the individual rectus muscles from the limbus increase counterclockwise starting from the medial rectus muscle.