Increasing Nutrient Solution pH Alleviated Aluminum-Induced Inhibition of Growth and Impairment of Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain in Citrus sinensis Seedlings

Figure 3

Effects of pH and Al interactions on the mean OJIP transients expressed as the kinetics of relative variable fluorescence: (a) between and : = ( – )/( – ) and (b) the differences of the eight samples to the reference sample submitted to pH 4.0 + 0 mM Al (Δ); (c) between and : = ( – )/( – ) and (d) the differences of the six samples to the reference sample submitted to pH 4.0 + 0 mM Al (Δ).