Persisting Regional Disparities in Modern Contraceptive Use and Unmet Need for Contraception among Nigerian Women

Table 2

Trends in nonuse and unmet need for modern contraceptive methods among women in Nigeria. 2003-2013 DHS.

	Non-use (88.6)				Unmet need (13.5)
	2003	2008	2013	Pooled	2003	2008	2013	Pooled
Age
15-19	24.2	20.9	21.7	21.6	9.5	10.5	20.3	18.7
20-24	18.8	17.9	16.8	17.5	17.7	16.8	17.1	17.2
25-29	17.4	18.7	17.8	18.1	19.1	20.4	18.2	18.4
30-34	12.3	13.3	13.5	13.3	17.1	15.8	13.2	14.2
35-39	10.1	11.3	11.7	11.4	13.6	14.8	12.3	12.4
40-44	8.9	8.9	9.1	9.0	13.6	12.1	10.1	9.8
45-49	8.3	8.9	9.4	9.1	9.5	9.6	8.8	9.2
p-value	0.028	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.019	ns	<0.0001
Geopolitical region
North-central	16.3	18.8	15.7	17.0	21.0	17.4	17.9	16.1
North-east	19.9	19.8	18.6	19.2	22.4	18.6	18.3	17.2
North-west	24.6	23.4	27.2	25.4	17.6	25.6	23.0	25.0
South-east	14.2	11.0	11.1	11.4	11.9	8.2	10.8	11.1
South-south	11.4	13.3	14.3	13.6	15.5	16.1	16.1	15.6
South-west	13.6	13.7	13.2	13.4	11.6	14.1	13.8	15.0
p-value	ns	<0.0001	0.014	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.001	<0.0001
Type of place of residence
Urban	38.4	29.5	37.5	34.2	38.8	27.8	38.5	38.4
Rural	61.6	70.5	62.5	65.8	61.2	72.2	61.5	61.6
p-value	0.043	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.025	<0.0001
Marital status
In union	63.8	70.3	67.7	68.4	76.3	74.8	68.8	68.9
Widow	36.2	29.7	32.3	31.6	23.7	25.2	31.2	31.1
/other
p-value	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Religious affiliation
Christian	31.2	48.9	47.3	44.6	32.2	47.4	50.9	50.4
Islam	17.6	48.7	51.3	45.7	20.8	50.1	47.5	46.9
Other	51.2	2.4	1.5	9.7	47.0	2.5	1.6	2.7
p-value	ns	ns	<0.0001	<0.0001	ns	.932	ns	<0.0001
Education
Nil	42.0	42.5	39.0	40.8	40.9	45.3	36.4	36.6
Primary	22.0	19.7	18.1	19.1	26.2	22.6	17.8	19.1
Secondary	30.7	31.3	35.0	33.0	28.4	26.9	36.4	35.5
Higher	5.3	6.5	7.9	7.1	4.5	5.2	9.5	8.8
p-value	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.047	0.001	ns	<0.0001
Employed
Yes	45.7	42.9	39.7	41.6	33.6	37.0	37.8	38.1
No	54.3	57.1	60.3	58.4	66.4	63.0	62.2	61.9
p-value	ns	ns	<0.0001	<0.0001	.024	ns	ns	<0.0001
Wealth index
Poorest	20.5	23.4	18.9	20.9	20.5	22.5	16.7	17.8
Poorer	19.3	21.5	20.8	21.0	17.5	22.3	19.2	19.7
Middle	20.5	20.0	20.7	20.4	20.6	20.9	21.2	20.5
Richer	19.9	18.6	20.6	19.7	21.4	20.0	22.9	21.3
Richest	19.9	16.4	18.9	18.0	19.9	14.4	19.9	20.7
p-value	.039	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	ns	.03	0.012	<0.0001
Sex of household head
Male	83.1	83.2	82.7	83.0	85.2	87.2	82.1	82.5
Female	16.9	16.8	17.3	17.0	14.8	12.8	17.9	17.5
p-value	ns	ns	<0.0001	<0.0001	ns	ns	ns	<0.0001
Parity
Nullipara	35.8	28.8	29.2	29.7	37.9	25.3	29.7	28.1
Primipara	12.7	10.9	11.5	11.4	13.4	11.0	10.9	11.0
Multipara	51.6	60.3	59.3	59.0	48.7	63.7	59.4	60.9
p-value	ns	ns	<0.0001	<0.0001	ns	ns	ns	<0.0001

N.B. ns=not significant. p-values are from X²-tests.