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| Product | Manufacturer | Advantages | Drawbacks | Techniques to prevent migration |
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Alimaxx-ES
EndoMAXX | Merit Medical | (i) Laser cut designed to meet specific anatomical requirements.
(ii) Polyurethane cover helps decrease tissue ingrowth.
(iii) Silicone lining provides a smooth inner lumen.
(iv) Purse-string design of the proximal suture knot allows repositioning and removal immediately post-placement. | (i) One case report that the patient presented with vomiting and dysphagia to solids [63]. | (i) Anti-migration struts design reduces stent migration. |
| Choo stent | M.I. Tech | (i) Fully covered with polyurethane to prevent tumor ingrowth.
(ii) Cylindrical zigzag fashion of 12 or 15 bends to maximize its longitudinal flexibility.
(iii) Easily removed under mild sedation. | (i) The distal release mechanism may cause inconvenience in placement [64]. | (i) Distal flared extremity. |
| Niti-S Double-layered stent | Taewoong Medical | (i) Prevent tumor ingrowth and migration. | (i) May cause overgrowth at the proximal end of the stent [65]. | (i) Stent-inside-a-stent. |
| SX-ELLA-HV | Ella-CS | (i) The ends are non-traumatic.
(ii) Covered film prevents tumor in-growth and occlusion.
(iii) Unique delivery system. | (i) The frequency of hemorrhage and fistula formation was considerable.
(ii) It has similar migration rate to other fully covered stents [66]. | (i) Collar anti-migration system. |
| Evolution | Cook Medical | (i) Silicone encases the exterior and interior surfaces of the stent to prevent tumor ingrowth.
(ii) A dual purse string “lasso loop” on the proximal and distal ends of the stent facilitates repositioning.
(iii) Unique delivery system. | (i) Potential risk of aspiration [67]. | (i) Proximal and distal uncovered flares. |
| Ultraflex/Wallflex | Boston
Scientific | (i) A purse string facilitates stent repositioning or removal. | (i) Potential risk of bleeding [67]. | (i) Progressive step flared ends reduces migration. |
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