Research Needs for Implementing Cancer Prevention and Early Detection in Developing Countries: From Scientists’ to Implementers’ Perspectives

Figure 1

Incidence and mortality trends for preventable cancers in selected developed and developing countries. (a) Incidence trends for cancers with evidence-based preventive strategies (risk-factor control or treatment of precancerous lesions). (b) Incidence and mortality trends for breast cancer as a function of evidence-based screening. Mortality data correspond to national registration. Incidence data as follows: Australia, England, Denmark, and Costa Rica correspond to national data; Colombia, Cali; Ecuador, Quito; Japan, 4 registries; Uganda, Kampala; USA, SEER 9 registries. Sources: WHO-IARC, Cancer Mortality Database (last update December 2014), and IARC, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5plus).

(a) Cancer incidence trends (selected preventable cancer types)

(b) Breast cancer