Research Needs for Implementing Cancer Prevention and Early Detection in Developing Countries: From Scientists’ to Implementers’ Perspectives

Table 2

Selected population-based implementation studies for cancer prevention and screening.

Study	Field	Intervention	Design	Sample size	Outcomes
Khuhaprema T et al. [21]	Colorectal cancer screening	Fecal occult blood test	Pilot noncontrolled trial	127.301	Participation rate; Screening positivity; Detection rates
Arrossi S et al. [22]	Cervical cancer screening	Self-collected versus clinician-collected HPV tests	Cluster randomized trial	6,013 in both branches	Screening uptake; Screening positivity; Detection rates
Murillo R et al. [23]	Breast cancer screening	CBE and mammography versus regular care	Cluster randomized trial	15,838 in both branches	Stage of disease; Conservative surgery
Slater JS et al. [24]	Smoking cessation	Direct mail invitation versus opportunistic referral	Nonrandomized trial	5,420 in both groups	Participation rates; 7-month smoking abstinence
Moodley I et al. [25]	HPV vaccination	Education and training of stakeholders	Pilot noncontrolled trial	963	Vaccine uptake; Side effects

CBE: clinical breast examination.