Multiorgan Drug Action of Levosimendan in Critical Illnesses

Table 1

Narrative summaries of main controlled trials of levosimendan in acute heart failure.

Study	Eligible patients	Control	Outcome
LIDO	Low-output heart failure (EF < 0.35, CO < 0.25, and PCWP > 15 mmHg)	Levosimendan vs. dobutamine	Hemodynamic performance and mortality at 31 days and 180 days
RUSSLAN	Left ventricular failure complicating acute myocardial infarction	Levosimendan vs. placebo	Mortality at 14 days and 180 days
SURVIVE	Acute decompensated heart failure (EF < 0.30)	Levosimendan vs. dobutamine	Mortality at 180 days or affect any secondary clinical outcomes
REVIVE I	Acute decompensated heart failure (EF < 0.35)	Levosimendan vs. placebo	Symptomatic benefits
REVIVE II	Acute decompensated heart failure (EF < 0.35)	Levosimendan vs. placebo	BNP declined in the levosimendan group