Modified Method of Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale

Figure 2

(a) Two-dimensional TEE displaying a “slit-like” channel between the left and right atria, revealing the presence of a PFO. (b) Doppler color flow imaging showing spontaneous PFO-left-to-right shunt. (c) TEE bubble study showing the microbubbles passing through the PFO.

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(b)

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