Modified Method of Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale

Table 2

TEE and TTE bubble study with modified and traditional Valsalva maneuver.

c-TTE		TEE
		PFO(n=279)	Without PFO (n=227)	In total
Traditional method	Positive	234	9	243
	Negative	45	218	263
Modified method	Positive	259	6	265
	Negative	20	221	241

TTE: transthoracic echocardiography; TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; PFO: patent foramen ovale.