Modified Method of Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale

Table 3

Semiquantitative shunt grading using traditional and modified Valsalva maneuver.

	Traditional Valsalva maneuver	Modified Valsalva maneuver
Negative	263(51.98%)	241(47.63%)
Positive	243(48.02%)	265(52.37%)
Mild	59(11.66%)	42(8.3%)
Moderate	47(9.29%)	64(12.65%)
Extensive	137(27.07%)	159(31.42%)