Evaluation of Anterior-Posterior Spine Curvatures and Incidence of Sagittal Defects in Children and Adolescents Practicing Traditional Karate

Table 2

Comparison of spine parameters in the sagittal plane depending on the group.

Variables	Group	n	± SD	Me	Min	Max	Z/t	p
ALPHA 1	karate	76	8.79±7.94	8.00	0.00	32.00	-4.46	<0.0001
ALPHA 1	controls	76	13.47±6.53	12.00	1.00	26.00
ALPHA 2	karate	76	14.71±6.52	14.00	2.00	32.00	-0.65	0.518
ALPHA 2	controls	76	15.34±5.68	15.50	6.00	29.00
BETA Th/L	karate	76	14.26±5.50	14.00	4.00	28.00	2.28	0,023
BETA Th/L	controls	76	11.97±5.62	12.00	0.00	24.00
GAMMA C7	karate	76	22.37±5.32	22.00	12.00	38.00	-1.84	0.066
GAMMA C7	controls	76	24.67±8.28	24.00	8.00	40.00
DELTA Th3	karate	76	17.26±6.42	18.00	0.00	30.00	-0.66	0.508
DELTA Th3	controls	76	18.36±6.89	18.00	4.00	34.00
LLA	karate	76	28.97±7.70	29.50	12.00	50.00	1.30	0.192
LLA	controls	76	27.32±7.90	28.00	10.00	52.00
TKA	karate	76	36.63±8.44	36.00	24.00	58.00	-0.34	0.733
TKA	controls	76	36.64±11.10	36.00	10.00	60.00
TKA DH	karate	76	31.53±8.70	32.00	12.00	54.00	0.83	0.402
TKA DH	controls	76	30.33±8.89	31.00	10.00	54.00

ALPHA - sacral inclination; ALPHA 2 – angle of the medial point of the sacrum on the line connecting the so-called Venus dimples; BETA TH /L - intervertebral space Th12- L1; GAMMA C7 - intervertebral space C7-Th1, DELTA Th3 - intervertebral space Th3-Th4 - inclinometer in the plateau of kyphosis; LLA - To obtain the lumbar lordosis on angle – ALPHA 2 + BETA Th / L; TKA - the thoracic kyphosis angle BETA Th12 / L1 + GAMMA C7; TKA DH - Dowager's hump angle GAMMA C7 + DELTA Th3/Th4); n - number of observations; - arithmetic mean; Me- median; SD - standard deviation; - result of Student’s t-test for independent variables; Z - result of Mann–Whitney test; p - level of probability; significance at p<0.05; significance at p<0.001; significance at p <0.0001