Prognostic Nomograms for Primary High-Grade Glioma Patients in Adult: A Retrospective Study Based on the SEER Database

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors associated with CSS in the training set (n =3166).

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI
Age(years)	<0.001	1.968	1.856-2.087	<0.001
<56				Reference
56-75				<0.001	1.696	1.551-1.856
>75				<0.001	2.509	2.195-2.869
Gender	0.370	1.036	0.959-1.119
Male
Female
Race	0.176	0.942	0.863-1.027
White
Black
Other
Marital status	<0.001	1.132	1.089-1.178	0.140
Married				Reference
Single				0.431	1.048	0.933-1.177
Separated/divorced				0.845	1.014	0.885-1.162
Widowed				0.023	1.169	1.022-1.337
Grade	<0.001	1.604	1.393-1.847
GradeIII				Reference
GradeIV				0.001	1.301	1.121-1.509
Laterality	0.013	1.078	1.016-1.143	0.371
Left				Reference
Right				0.388	0.964	0.888-1.047
Not a paired site				0.357	1.097	0.901-1.335
Site	<0.001	1.085	1.057-1.114	0.108
C71.1Frontal lobe				Reference
C71.2Temporal lobe				0.078	0.913	0.825-1.010
C71.3Parietal lobe				0.099	0.911	0.815-1.018
C71.4Occipital lobe				0.309	1.105	0.911-1.340
C71.8Overlapping lesion				0.752	1.028	0.867-1.219
Histological	<0.001	1.553	1.444-1.671	<0.001
Mixed glioma				Reference
Astrocytoma				<0.001	3.198	2.399-4.262
Glioblastoma				<0.001	5.018	3.951-6.374
Oligodendroglioma				0.100	0.599	0.325-1.104
Size(mm)	0.003	1.085	1.029-1.143	<0.001
<26				Reference
27-44				0.047	1.134	1.002-1.283
>44				<0.001	1.339	1.190-1.507
Surgery	<0.001	0.817	0.789-0.847	<0.001
No surgery				Reference
Subtotal resection				<0.001	0.576	0.481-0.690
Gross resection				<0.001	0.439	0.360-0.534
Resection of lobe of brain				<0.001	0.556	0.466-0.665
Radiotherapy	<0.001	2.126	1.943-2.326
Yes				Reference
No/unknown				<0.001	1.571	1.290-1.913
Chemotherapy	<0.001	2.141	1.972-2.325
Yes				Reference
No/unknown				<0.001	1.704	1.524-1.906
Radiation sequence with surgery	<0.001	1.487	1.428-1.547	0.727
Prior to surgery				Reference
After surgery				0.376	0.781	0.451-1.351
Before and after				0.508	0.755	0.330-1.732
Unknown				0.566	0.843	0.471-1.509

Abbreviations: OS: overall survival; CSS: cancer-specific survival; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.