Autophagy Inhibition Potentiates the Anticancer Effects of a Bendamustine Derivative NL-101 in Acute T Lymphocytic Leukemia

Figure 5

NL-101 induces prosurvival autophagy in T-ALL. (a) NL-101-treated T-ALL cells were stained with AO and examined under a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar, 50 μm. (b) The expression level of autophagy-related protein after NL-101 treatment of T-ALL cells was assessed by western blotting analysis. β-Actin was used as loading control. (c) T-ALL cells and CAM191 cell were preincubated with or without 3-MA (1 mM) for 3 h and then incubated with indicated concentrations of NL-101, after which the cells were subjected to MTT assay (c), flow cytometry analysis of apoptotic cells (d), and western blotting analysis of LC3-II, PARP, and cleaved-caspase-3 (e). The expression level of autophagy-related protein after bendamustine (5 μM), vorinostat (5 μM), or a combination of bendamustine and vorinostat (B + V) and NL-101 (2 μM) treatment of T-ALL cells were assessed by western blotting analysis. β-Actin was used as loading control. ; . Data represent at least three independent experiments.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)