Role of Oxidation-Dependent CaMKII Activation in the Genesis of Abnormal Action Potentials in Atrial Cardiomyocytes: A Simulation Study

<div>Effects of blocking <svg height="11.9453pt" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.309401pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 24.105 11.9453" width="24.105pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.416,3.132)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.468,3.132)"><path d="M655 0V28C585 35 563 50 517 120C469 193 414 280 360 366C427 469 460 516 481 545C526 604 545 614 619 622V650H391V622C457 614 462 604 438 560C411 511 381 463 339 398C295 466 258 523 225 580C210 606 211 615 272 622V650H26V622C98 614 111 603 154 538C189 482 235 408 288 324C200 188 149 116 124 85C95 47 64 34 7 28V0H236V28C169 36 164 46 188 89C220 148 261 217 310 291C372 193 417 118 442 77C461 44 454 35 392 28V0H655Z"></path></g></svg> at different times on the genesis of EAD under oxidative stress condition: (a) <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.9453pt" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-3.309401pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 24.105 11.9453" width="24.105pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.416,3.132)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.468,3.132)"><path d="M655 0V28C585 35 563 50 517 120C469 193 414 280 360 366C427 469 460 516 481 545C526 604 545 614 619 622V650H391V622C457 614 462 604 438 560C411 511 381 463 339 398C295 466 258 523 225 580C210 606 211 615 272 622V650H26V622C98 614 111 603 154 538C189 482 235 408 288 324C200 188 149 116 124 85C95 47 64 34 7 28V0H236V28C169 36 164 46 188 89C220 148 261 217 310 291C372 193 417 118 442 77C461 44 454 35 392 28V0H655Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> (b) <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.9453pt" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-3.309401pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.4148 11.9453" width="20.4148pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.853,3.132)"><path d="M433 39L423 65C413 59 399 54 387 54C370 54 352 69 352 114V299C352 352 342 392 307 422C285 440 255 449 225 449C168 437 102 399 75 379C56 365 44 353 44 339C44 315 69 296 87 296C101 296 111 303 116 319C124 349 133 371 145 385C156 397 171 404 190 404C241 404 275 364 275 291V274C253 256 180 229 120 209C65 190 39 159 39 110C39 47 88 -12 159 -12C189 -12 237 25 277 52C282 35 288 21 301 8C312 -3 333 -12 348 -12L433 39ZM275 84C256 65 221 48 195 48C164 48 124 73 124 124C124 161 146 180 185 198C206 208 254 229 275 240V84Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.848,3.132)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z"></path></g></svg>.</span> (c) AP. The gray box represents the time interval during which EAD can occur while blocking <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.9453pt" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-3.309401pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 24.105 11.9453" width="24.105pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.416,3.132)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.468,3.132)"><path d="M655 0V28C585 35 563 50 517 120C469 193 414 280 360 366C427 469 460 516 481 545C526 604 545 614 619 622V650H391V622C457 614 462 604 438 560C411 511 381 463 339 398C295 466 258 523 225 580C210 606 211 615 272 622V650H26V622C98 614 111 603 154 538C189 482 235 408 288 324C200 188 149 116 124 85C95 47 64 34 7 28V0H236V28C169 36 164 46 188 89C220 148 261 217 310 291C372 193 417 118 442 77C461 44 454 35 392 28V0H655Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

BioMed Research International

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: Role of Oxidation-Dependent CaMKII Activation in the Genesis of Abnormal Action Potentials in Atrial Cardiomyocytes: A Simulation Study 