Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 and Total Bile Acid Concentrations Are Potential Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Table 1
Anthropometric parameters and biochemical indexes among subjects with control, T2DM, HCC, and T2DM-HCC.
Variables
Control (n = 27)
T2DM (n = 27)
HCC (n = 16)
T2DM-HCC (n = 10)
Male/female
21/6
20/7
10/6
9/1
0.448
Age (years)
49.81 ± 8.06
50.52 ± 12.41
55.38 ± 8.29
62.60 ± 9.06
0.004
BMI (kg/m2)
23.64 ± 2.30
25.22 ± 2.51
22.62 ± 3.39
25.16 ± 2.53
0.010
SBP (mmHg)
125 ± 7
129 ± 14
124 ± 13
134 ± 14
0.112
DBP (mmHg)
76 ± 10
78 ± 11
77 ± 10
73 ± 7
0.507
FPG (mmol/L)
5.20 (4.90–5.40)
8.80 (7.40–10.70)
4.45 (4.13–4.98)
7.30 (6.05–10.73)§
<0.001
ALT (μ/L)
26 (17–36)
35 (20–54)
51 (31–90)
38 (28–87)
0.014
γGT (μ/L)
27 (20–35)
29 (20–47)
114 (50–218)
126 (72–256)
<0.001
ALP (μ/L)
68 (58–84)
80 (62–101)
121 (92–164)
144 (94–241)
<0.001
ALB (g/L)
45.70 (43.90–46.30)
41.70 (38.90–44.30)
37.30 (35.08–39.80)
34.70 (31.08–36.90)
<0.001
TBA (μmol/l
3.60 (2.70–4.60)
3.10 (2.60–4.40)
21.75 (9.28–36.25)
14.25 (6.30–31.60)
<0.001
TBIL (μmol/l)
14.5 (11.3–17.0)
15.1 (12.7–19.0)
17.7 (13.9–22.3)
21.7 (12.7–27.3)
0.046
DBIL (μmol/l)
3.7 (3.2–4.5)
4.3 (3.4–6.5)
5.6 (4.7–6.6)
7.3 (4.6–9.4)
0.001
Cr (μmol/l)
60.75 ± 12.05
58.26 ± 11.94
57.94 ± 13.49
60.5 ± 24.06
0.935
Ua (μmol/l)
292.00 (221.00–319.00)
265.00 (210.00–305.00)
293.50 (231.75–356.75)
235.00 (177.00–392.50)
0.651
Cys-C (mg/l)
0.70 (0.70–0.80)
0.70 (0.60–0.70)
0.85 (0.80–0.98)
0.85 (0.70–1.13)
<0.001
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)
90.07 (82.73–102.60)
102.45 (82.84–117.12)
97.83 (80.77–121.89)
106.54 (75.37–137.62)
0.774
TC (mmol/l)
4.84 ± 0.51
5.25 ± 0.90
3.88 ± 0.86
3.66 ± 1.15
<0.001
TG (mmol/l)
0.85 (0.76–1.21)
1.37 (0.86–2.54)
1.00 (0.64–1.25)
1.02 (0.77–1.36)
0.006
HDL (mmol/l)
1.41 ± 0.31
1.09 ± 0.27
0.83 ± 0.33
0.89 ± 0.35
<0.001
LDL (mmol/l)
2.75 ± 0.48
2.95 ± 0.86
1.87 ± 0.70
1.86 ± 0.80
<0.001
AFP (ng/ml)
2.65 (2.13–4.10)
3.50 (2.57–4.17)
604.31 (413.930–2039.87)
671.08 (422.58–10000)
<0.001
CEA (ng/ml)
1.20 (0.90–1.50)
2.00 (1.40–3.20)
2.05 (1.55–3.00)
2.25 (0.90–2.98)
<0.001
FGF19 (pg/ml)
115.78 (104.24–130.68)
70.44 (53.51–88.20)
220.53 (174.21–373.54)
185.07 (161.47–344.14)
<0.001
Data are mean ± standard deviations (SD) or median (interquartile range). Control: healthy control; T2DM: newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; HCC: newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma patients; T2DM-HCC: type 2 diabetes mellitus combined newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma patients. BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALB: albumin; TBA: total bile acids; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; Cr: creatinine; Ua: uric acid; Cys-C: cystatin-C; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AFP: alpha-fetoprotein; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; FGF19: fibroblast growth factor 19; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. x2 test for gender comparison; one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for normally distributed variables; Kruskal–Wallis H test for nonnormally distributed variables. for comparisons among the four groups; , compared with control; , compared with T2DM; §, compared with HCC.
