Effects of Four Kinds of Oxide Nanoparticles on Proteins in Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Sludge

Table 1

Characteristics of the different types of sludge.

Sludge types	Water contents (%)	pH	TSS (%)	Ash (%)	VSS (%)
Concentrated sludge	97	6.8	3	1.2	1.8
Mechanical dewatered sludge	85	7.0	15	4.0	11.0

TSS = total suspended solid, VSS = volatile suspended solid.