Research Article

Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Copy Number Variations on 4p15.2p16.3, Xp22.31, and 12p11.1q11 in a Fetus with Ultrasound Anomalies: A Case Report and Literature Review

Table 1

Summary of clinical manifestations in patients with similar/overlapping duplication in 4p15.2p16.3.

ReferencesWu [12]Garcia-Heras [13]Hirsch and Baldinger [14]Bartocci et al. [15]Kim et al. [16]Maurin et al.[17]DECIPHER 308723DECIPHER 395372DECIPHER 296428Present case
Case 1Case 2

Age/sex6/M4/F27/F22/F2 m/F9/F2/F<1/M27/FN.R./MFetus/M
Gestational age39 w36 wN.R.At termAt termN.R.N.R.N.R.TOP
Birth weight (g)3,800N.R.N.R.N.R.2,6002,6003,290N.R.N.R.N.R.N.A.
Duplicated region4p15.33-p16.34p15-4pter4p15.32-4pter4pter-4p15.24pter-4p15.314pter-4p15.314p15.1-4pter4p15.3-14pter4p15.2-4pter4p15.2-4pter4p15.2-p16.3
Karyotype46, XY, add (20) (q13.3)
Mother: 46, XX, t(4;20)(p15.2; q13.1)
46,XX,rec(4)dup4p inv(4)(p15q35) mat46,XX,rec(4)dup p,inv(4)(p15.32q35)mat46,XX,del(X)(q27→qter)47,XX,+mar[44]/46, XX [6]
Mother: 46,XX,t(4;14)(p15.3;q12)
47,XX,+mar
Mother: 46,XX,t(4;14)(p15.3;q12)
46,XX,rec(4)dup(4p)inv(4)(p15.1q35.1)patN.R.N.R.N.R.46,XY,add (2)(q37)
De novo
Intellectual disability+++N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.++Ultrasonic indication: right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery
Growth retardation-++++++N.R.N.R.N.R.
Psychomotor retardation++N.R.+N.R.++N.R.N.R.N.R.
Language retardation++N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.
Seizures+N.R.N.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.
HypotoniaN.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.
MicrocephalyN.R.++N.R.N.R.N.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.
FaceN.R.+AsymmetryAsymmetryN.R.RoundAbnormalN.R.AsymmetryAbnormal
Nasal bridgeProminentFlatN.R.BroadN.R.N.R.N.R.Depressed/wideN.R.N.R.
High arched palateN.R.+N.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.
Epicanthus+N.R.N.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.
PtosisN.R.N.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.+N.R.
Palpebral fissuresN.R.N.R.N.R.ShortShortN.R.Down-slantingN.R.N.R.N.R.
Ears anomalyLow-set-ProminentRotatedLow-setSmall++N.R.N.R.
Short neckN.R.+N.R.+N.R.++N.R.N.R.N.R.
Limb anomalyN.R.-++-++++N.R.
Widely spaced nipplesN.R.+N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.++N.R.N.R.
OthersTall stature, macrocephalyBulbous nasal tip, large mouth, short philtrum, bowed upper lip, gingival hypertrophyHypertelorism, bushy eyebrows, low frontal hairline, micrognathiaAsymmetric eyesAnteverted nostrils, large philtrum, thin upper lip, interventricular and auricular septal defectsBroad forehead, thin vermilion borderScoliosis

F: female; M: male; m: months; N.R.: not reported; TOP: termination of pregnancy.