Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy versus Conventional Open Lumbar Discectomy for Upper Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Comparative Cohort Study

Table 1

Demographic and clinical information of the two groups.

Parameter	PETD group	Open group	value
Number of patients	21	21
Average age (yrs)			0.943
Age range (yrs)	16-75	26-66
Sex (male/female)	13/8	15/6	0.744
Operative level			0.529
L1–L2	1	2
L2–L3	7	6
L3–L4	13	13
Duration of symptoms (months)			0.892
Clinical signs			0.750
Lasègue sign +	10	13
Bragard sign +	8	12
Paresthesia in lower limbs	7	8
Lower extremity weakness	10	9

PETD group: patients with upper lumbar disc herniation who underwent percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (); open group: patients with upper lumbar disc herniation who underwent conventional posterior lumbar discectomy and internal fixation ().