Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy versus Conventional Open Lumbar Discectomy for Upper Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Comparative Cohort Study

Table 2

Operation parameters and complications of the two groups.

Parameter	PETD group	Open group	value
Operation time (min)			<0.001
Estimated blood loss (ml)			<0.001
Drainage (ml)			<0.001
Blood transfusion	0	3	<0.001
Postoperative hospitalization stay			<0.001
Complications			0.697
Recurrent disc herniation	0	0
Cerebrospinal fluid leak	2	1
Postoperative dysesthesia	1	1
Deep vein thrombosis	0	1
Poor wound healing	0	2

PETD group: patients with upper lumbar disc herniation who underwent percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (); open group: patients with upper lumbar disc herniation who underwent conventional posterior lumbar discectomy and internal fixation ().