Effect of Missing Data Imputation on Deep Learning Prediction Performance for Vesicoureteral Reflux and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Study

Table 5

Descriptive statistics of deep learning and multiple imputation techniques for the dataset.

Variables		Deep learning (original dataset)	MICE	FAMD ()	FAMD ()	FAMD ()	FAMD ()
Age	[Min-Max]	16 [0-196]	16 [0-196]	16 [0-196]	16 [0-196]	16 [0-196]	16 [0-196]
	(1^st-3^rd quartiles)	36.6 (4.0-60.0)	36.6 (4.0-60.0)	36.6 (4.0-60.0)	36.6 (4.0-60.0)	36.6 (4.0-60.0)	36.6 (4.0-60.0)
b-leukocyte	[Min-Max]	10000 [950-110000]	10100 [271.5-110000]	10465 [950-110000]	10400 [950-110000]	10400 [950-110000]	10160 [950-110000]
	(1^st-3^rd quartiles))	12205.4 (7500-10000)	12061.6 (7500-13651.1)	12175 (8100-13300)	12117 (8010-13021)	12155 (8000-13211)	12040 (7725-13100)
b-thrombocyte	[Min-Max]	341000 [17200-849000]	345000 [17200-849000]	345000 [17200-849000]	345000 [17200-849000]	346000 [17200-849000]	345100 [17200-849000]
	(1^st-3^rd quartiles)	358345.9 (17200-849000)	357035 (277274-849000)	358355 (296000-849000)	358223 (296000-396000)	358412 (296000-397087)	356165 (288000-400352)
b-urea	[Min-Max]	19.0 [0.40-112.0]	20.0 [0.4-112.0]	19.4 [0.4-112.0]	19.0 [0.4-112.0]	19.0 [0.4-112.0]	19.0 [0.4-112.0]
	(1^st-3^rd quartiles)	20.3 (13.0-25.0)	20.4 (14.2-25.0)	20.1 (15.0-24.0)	20.1 (15.0-24.0)	20.2 (15.0-24.0)	20.2 (14.0-24.3)
b-creatinine	[Min-Max]	0.5 [0.10-143.9]	0.50 [0.02-143.0]	0.50 [0.1-143.0]	0.50 [0.1-143.0]	0.50 [0.014-143.0]	0.5 [0.013-143.0]
	(1^st-3^rd quartiles)	1.24 (0.10-143.0)	2.16 (0.40-0.90)	1.27 (0.40- 0.98)	1.29 (0.40-1.00)	1.50 (0.40-0.90)	2.01 (0.40-1.46)
ud-density	[Min-Max]	1013.0 [1000-1035]	1013 [1000-1035]	1013 [1000-1035]	1013 [1000-1035]	1013 [1000-1035]	1013 [1000-1035]
	(1^st-3^rd quartiles)	1013.77 (1006.0-1020.0)	1014 (1006-1020)	1013 (1006-1020)	1014 (1006-1020)	1014 (1006-1020)	1014 (1006-1020)
Stomachache	No	280	283	288	286	284	284
	Yes	96	98	96	96	97	99
	Not assessed	195	230	227	229	230	228
Urgency	No	307	313	322	321	317	316
	Yes	98	100	98	98	99	316
	Not assessed	178	198	191	192	195	195
Frequent urination	No	250	255	259	258	258	256
	Yes	94	99	95	96	95	98
	Not assessed	230	257	257	257	258	257
Dysuria	No	264	268	267	268	268	267
	Yes	92	92	92	92	92	92
	Not assessed	247	251	252	251	251	252
Restlessness	No	114	115	114	114	114	115
	Yes	476	477	478	478	478	477
	Not assessed	19	19	19	19	19	19
Anorexia	No	461	474	486	485	486	479
	Yes	72	79	72	72	72	77
	Not assessed	53	58	53	54	53	55
UTI history	No	136	141	136	137	136	141
	Yes	470	470	475	474	475	470
Prolonged history of jaundice	No	537	565	566	566	566	566
	Yes	44	46	46	46	46	46
Fever	No	364	368	368	368	368	367
	Subfebrile	64	64	64	64	64	64
	Febrile	179	179	179	179	179	180
Emesis	No	503	511	514	514	514	511
	Yes	97	100	97	97	97	100
Incontinence	No	262	273	278	275	274	273
	Yes	73	78	74	76	76	77
	Not assessed	238	260	259	260	261	261
ud-nitrite	No	511	547	549	549	549	547
	Yes	62	64	62	62	62	64
ud-protein	No	509	546	550	550	550	547
	Yes	61	65	61	61	61	64
us-erythrocyte	No	428	598	494	600	600	598
	Yes	11	13	117	11	11	13
us-leukocyte	No	386	502	521	524	524	509
	Yes	82	109	90	87	87	102
ud-leukocyte	No	342	444	483	476	474	450
	Yes	112	167	128	135	137	161
us-bacteria	No	378	536	551	552	539	538
	Yes	57	75	60	59	72	73
ud-erythrocyte	No	424	539	548	548	547	533
	Yes	63	72	63	63	64	78
ud-l.esterase	No	367	596	521	599	599	599
	Yes	12	15	90	12	12	12
USG-R-grade	Grade 0	384	592	593	593	593	592
	Grade 1	14	15	14	14	14	15
	Grade 2	3	3	3	3	3	3
	Grade 3	1	1	1	1	1	1
USG-L-grade	Grade 0	389	602	602	602	602	601
	Grade 1	5	5	5	5	5	6
	Grade 2	2	2	2	2	2	2
	Grade 3	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Grade 4	1	1	1	1	1	1
USG-R/L-hydronephrosis	Normal	340	546	546	548	546	545
	Mild	36	39	36	36	36	39
	Heavy	25	26	29	27	29	27
USG-R/L-ureter dilatation	No	365	576	578	577	576	576
	Yes	33	35	33	34	35	35
USG-bladder wall thickening	No	353	581	590	590	590	587
	Yes	21	30	21	21	21	24
USG-bladder diverticulum	No	365	600	601	601	601	599
	Yes	10	11	10	10	10	12
Scar	Normal	286	487	506	507	506	495
	Yes	99	124	105	104	105	116

UTI: urinary tract infection; ud: urine dipstick; us: urine sediment; USG: ultrasonography; b: blood; R: right; L: left; AP: anterior-posterior; u-le: urine-leukocyte esterase; : mean; : median; Min: minimum; Max: maximum.