Association between ELABELA Serum Concentrations in First Trimester and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
All the controls
PIH
GH
PE
value†
P value†
value†
Demographic characteristics
Age
0.645
0.399
0.627
Prepregnant BMI
﹤0.001
0.034
0.005
Gravidity
0.289
0.210
0.857
Parity
0.662
1.000
0.426
PIH history
0 (0/132)
9.1% (4/44)
0.316
7.1% (2/28)
0.616
12.5% (2/16)
0.478
Smoking history
7.6% (10/132)
6.8% (3/44)
0.873
7.1% (2/28)
0.640
6.3% (1/16)
0.521
Drink history
4.5% (6/132)
2.3% (1/44)
0.521
0 (0/28)
0.619
6.3% (1/16)
0.797
Clinical characteristics in early pregnancy
Gestational age at sampling (weeks)
0.752
0.407
0.250
SBP (mmHg)
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
DBP (mmHg)
<0.001
<0.001
0.002
HGB (g/L)
0.026
0.120
0.091
ALT (U/L)
0.224
0.288
0.494
AST (U/L)
0.187
0.510
0.219
UA (μmol/L)
0.029
0.672
0.014
TG (mmol/L)
0.021
0.682
0.014
TCHOL (mmol/L)
0.335
0.942
0.145
HDL (mmol/L)
0.032
0.980
0.005
LDL (mmol/L)
0.994
0.709
0.839
Clinical characteristics after onset
GDM‡
14.4% (19/132)
20.5% (9/44)
0.342
14.3% (4/28)
0.746
31.3% (5/16)
0.204
Highest SBP before labor (mmHg)
<0.001
0.002
0.015
Highest DBP before labor (mmHg)
<0.001
0.001
0.013
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)
0.006
0.790
0.008
Birthweight (g)
0.002
0.406
0.004
Delivery
0.140
0.825
0.015
Vaginal
51.5% (68/132)
38.6% (17/44)
57.1% (16/28)
6.3% (1/16)
Cesarean section
48.5% (64/132)
61.4% (27/44)
42.9% (12/28)
93.8% (15/16)
Fetal sex
0.426
0.647
0.773
Male
45.5% (60/132)
52.3% (23/44)
53.6% (15/28)
50.0% (8/16)
Female
54.5% (72/132)
47.7% (21/44)
46.3% (13/28)
50.0% (8/16)
†Comparison was conducted between the designated patient group and their 1 : 3 age- and gestational age-matched health controls: 44 PIH cases versus 132 corresponding matched controls, 28 GH cases versus 84 corresponding matched controls, 16 PE cases versus 48 corresponding matched controls. ‡Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was defined using the criteria from the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups based on the results of a standard 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. ALT; alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic pressure; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; GH: gestational hypertension; HDL: high-density cholesterol; HGB: hemoglobin; LDL: low-density cholesterol; PE: preeclampsia; PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension; SBP: systolic pressure; TCHOL: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; UA: uric acid.
